2.3 GBA4iOS and MacBuildServer ( July 2013) and GBA4iOS 2.0 ( February 2014). 2.1 Zeusmos and KuaiYong ( January 2013). These certificates cost $99/year from Apple (and anyone can get one), and each certificate can be associated with 100 devices, so people sometimes sell some of those "UDID slots". Related, there are also people who sell access to normal iOS developer certificates, which allow you to self-sign apps to install them on non-jailbroken iOS devices, meant for developers working on apps. It's not known how often iOS checks after installation to see whether an enterprise certificate has been revoked (which then means you can't use the app anymore unless you have a trick for reinstalling it) - it seems to be "once in a while". In April 2015, people released an app that can be installed with an expired enterprise certificate if the device is in airplane mode (no internet connection), with the help of a tool on a desktop computer since the device can't access the internet at that point to download the app. The ability to use expired profiles like that was fixed with iOS 8.1 in October 2014. Some apps used expired enterprise certificates that required the user to set the device's time back to a certain date (before the profile was revoked) before installing the app, called the "date trick". 
There is speculation that misused enterprise certificates sometimes come from companies that got the certificates from Apple for a seemingly-legitimate purpose, then mysteriously "went out of business" and started up again using the enterprise certificates for shadier purposes. Getting an enterprise certificate costs $299/year and requires a phone call with Apple to verify that you have a real company and are using the certificate for a legitimate purpose after you have one, you can use it to distribute the app to unlimited numbers of devices, since it's intended for companies that want to distribute an internal app to lots of employees.
Using this to distribute apps to the public violates Apple's developer agreements and can get those certificates revoked by Apple. There is some distribution of apps outside the App Store using enterprise certificates and developer certificates, which allows those apps to be installed on non-jailbroken iOS devices.
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